[ { "slug": "acorn-woodpecker", "common_name": "Acorn Woodpecker", "scientific_name": "Melanerpes formicivorus", "length_cm_min": 19.0, "length_cm_max": 23.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 35.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 43.0, "mass_g_min": 65.0, "mass_g_max": 90.0, "mass_g_mid": 77.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "acorns_nuts", "fruit", "insects", "nectar", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Oak and pine-oak woodland from southwest Oregon through California, Arizona, New Mexico and west Texas, and south through Mexico and Central America to Colombia. Resident year-round.", "foods_source_text": "Acorns, flying insects, tree sap, fruit. At feeders: suet, shelled nuts and sugar water.", "feeder_source_text": "A suet cage mounted on a trunk, or an open platform with shelled nuts", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round where oaks are present, and never where they are not", "url": "/birds/acorn-woodpecker/" }, { "slug": "american-crow", "common_name": "American Crow", "scientific_name": "Corvus brachyrhynchos", "length_cm_min": 40.0, "length_cm_max": 53.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 85.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 100.0, "mass_g_min": 316.0, "mass_g_max": 620.0, "mass_g_mid": 468.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "insects", "peanuts", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Most of the United States and southern Canada, year-round in much of it, withdrawing from the far north in winter", "foods_source_text": "Peanuts in the shell, cracked corn, suet, scraps, insects, carrion", "feeder_source_text": "The open ground or a large platform, set well away from small-bird feeders", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round where tolerated, usually in brief group visits early in the day", "url": "/birds/american-crow/" }, { "slug": "american-goldfinch", "common_name": "American Goldfinch", "scientific_name": "Spinus tristis", "length_cm_min": 11.0, "length_cm_max": 13.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 22.0, "mass_g_min": 11.0, "mass_g_max": 20.0, "mass_g_mid": 15.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "nyjer", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "nyjer_finch", "tube" ], "range_note": "Most of the lower 48; breeds north into southern Canada.", "foods_source_text": "Nyjer, sunflower hearts, black oil sunflower", "feeder_source_text": "Nyjer tube, mesh finch feeder, sunflower tube", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, largest flocks in late winter", "url": "/birds/american-goldfinch/" }, { "slug": "american-robin", "common_name": "American Robin", "scientific_name": "Turdus migratorius", "length_cm_min": 20.0, "length_cm_max": 28.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 31.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 40.0, "mass_g_min": 77.0, "mass_g_max": 85.0, "mass_g_mid": 81.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "fruit", "insects", "mealworms" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "All of North America. Year-round in most of the lower 48, breeding north to Alaska.", "foods_source_text": "Earthworms, insects, berries, mealworms, chopped fruit", "feeder_source_text": "Open platform or ground tray. No seed feeder will work.", "at_feeders_note": "Occasional and food-specific. Heavy user of bird baths year-round.", "url": "/birds/american-robin/" }, { "slug": "american-tree-sparrow", "common_name": "American Tree Sparrow", "scientific_name": "Spizelloides arborea", "length_cm_min": 14.0, "length_cm_max": 14.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 24.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 24.0, "mass_g_min": 13.0, "mass_g_max": 28.0, "mass_g_mid": 20.5, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds on tundra scrub across northern Alaska and Canada; winters in southern Canada and the northern and central United States", "foods_source_text": "Grass and weed seeds; white millet, sunflower hearts and cracked corn at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Ground feeder or low platform", "at_feeders_note": "Winter only, roughly late October to early April", "url": "/birds/american-tree-sparrow/" }, { "slug": "annas-hummingbird", "common_name": "Anna's Hummingbird", "scientific_name": "Calypte anna", "length_cm_min": 10.0, "length_cm_max": 11.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 12.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 12.0, "mass_g_min": 4.0, "mass_g_max": 6.0, "mass_g_mid": 5.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "nectar" ], "feeder_types": [ "nectar_feeder" ], "range_note": "Pacific coast from Baja California north to British Columbia, inland to Arizona. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Flower nectar, sugar water, small insects, tree sap", "feeder_source_text": "Saucer feeder; a heated or swapped feeder in freezing weather", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, including midwinter", "url": "/birds/annas-hummingbird/" }, { "slug": "baltimore-oriole", "common_name": "Baltimore Oriole", "scientific_name": "Icterus galbula", "length_cm_min": 17.0, "length_cm_max": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 23.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 30.0, "mass_g_min": 30.0, "mass_g_max": 40.0, "mass_g_mid": 35.0, "residency": "migratory", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "fruit", "mealworms", "nectar" ], "feeder_types": [ "dish", "nectar_feeder", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds in the eastern and central US and southern Canada. Winters in the tropics.", "foods_source_text": "Orange halves, grape jelly, nectar, mealworms, ripe fruit", "feeder_source_text": "Oriole feeder, jelly dish, orange spike, open platform", "at_feeders_note": "Late April to early July, heaviest in the first two weeks", "url": "/birds/baltimore-oriole/" }, { "slug": "bewicks-wren", "common_name": "Bewick's Wren", "scientific_name": "Thryomanes bewickii", "length_cm_min": 13.0, "length_cm_max": 13.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 18.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 18.0, "mass_g_min": 8.0, "mass_g_max": 12.0, "mass_g_mid": 10.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "mealworms", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "dish", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Resident from southwestern British Columbia south through the Pacific states, the Great Basin, the Southwest and Texas into Mexico. Formerly widespread across the Midwest, the Ohio Valley and the Appalachians, where it is now close to absent.", "foods_source_text": "Insects and spiders. At feeders: suet, peanut bits, mealworms, hulled sunflower.", "feeder_source_text": "A suet cage close to dense cover, or a shallow mealworm dish", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round in the West, in ones and twos", "url": "/birds/bewicks-wren/" }, { "slug": "black-billed-magpie", "common_name": "Black-billed Magpie", "scientific_name": "Pica hudsonia", "length_cm_min": 45.0, "length_cm_max": 60.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 56.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 61.0, "mass_g_min": 145.0, "mass_g_max": 210.0, "mass_g_mid": 177.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "insects", "peanuts", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Interior West and northern Great Plains, from south-central Alaska and western Canada south to northern New Mexico. Resident year-round", "foods_source_text": "Suet, peanuts, cracked corn, meat scraps, insects, carrion", "feeder_source_text": "Ground or a large open platform, or a caged suet feeder they can cling to", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, most persistent in winter, usually in twos and threes", "url": "/birds/black-billed-magpie/" }, { "slug": "black-capped-chickadee", "common_name": "Black-capped Chickadee", "scientific_name": "Poecile atricapillus", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 15.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 16.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 21.0, "mass_g_min": 9.0, "mass_g_max": 14.0, "mass_g_mid": 11.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "peanut_feeder", "suet_cage", "tube" ], "range_note": "Alaska and Canada south to the northern half of the US. Resident.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, suet, peanuts", "feeder_source_text": "Tube feeder, suet cage, peanut feeder", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, all day, one seed per trip", "url": "/birds/black-capped-chickadee/" }, { "slug": "black-chinned-hummingbird", "common_name": "Black-chinned Hummingbird", "scientific_name": "Archilochus alexandri", "length_cm_min": 8.0, "length_cm_max": 9.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 11.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 11.0, "mass_g_min": 2.3, "mass_g_max": 4.9, "mass_g_mid": 3.6, "residency": "mixed", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "nectar" ], "feeder_types": [ "nectar_feeder" ], "range_note": "Breeds through the interior West from British Columbia and Montana south through the Great Basin, Southwest and Texas into Mexico; winters mainly in western Mexico, with a growing wintering group along the Gulf Coast.", "foods_source_text": "Flower nectar, sugar water, small insects and spiders", "feeder_source_text": "Small saucer or basin nectar feeder with red parts and no yellow", "at_feeders_note": "Roughly March to September through most of the interior West", "url": "/birds/black-chinned-hummingbird/" }, { "slug": "black-headed-grosbeak", "common_name": "Black-headed Grosbeak", "scientific_name": "Pheucticus melanocephalus", "length_cm_min": 18.0, "length_cm_max": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 32.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 32.0, "mass_g_min": 35.0, "mass_g_max": 49.0, "mass_g_mid": 42.0, "residency": "migratory", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "fruit", "insects", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Western North America from British Columbia to Mexico, east to the Great Plains. Breeding season only; winters in Mexico.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, fruit, insects", "feeder_source_text": "Platform or hopper with a wide ledge", "at_feeders_note": "April or May through August or September", "url": "/birds/black-headed-grosbeak/" }, { "slug": "blue-jay", "common_name": "Blue Jay", "scientific_name": "Cyanocitta cristata", "length_cm_min": 25.0, "length_cm_max": 30.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 34.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 43.0, "mass_g_min": 70.0, "mass_g_max": 100.0, "mass_g_mid": 85.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "acorns_nuts", "peanuts", "striped_sunflower", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "peanut_feeder", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "East of the Rockies, southern Canada to the Gulf. Mostly resident.", "foods_source_text": "Peanuts in the shell, striped sunflower, suet, acorns", "feeder_source_text": "Platform or tray, large hopper, peanut feeder", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, in brief noisy raids, heaviest in fall", "url": "/birds/blue-jay/" }, { "slug": "broad-tailed-hummingbird", "common_name": "Broad-tailed Hummingbird", "scientific_name": "Selasphorus platycercus", "length_cm_min": 10.0, "length_cm_max": 10.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 13.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 13.0, "mass_g_min": 3.0, "mass_g_max": 4.0, "mass_g_mid": 3.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "nectar" ], "feeder_types": [ "nectar_feeder" ], "range_note": "Breeds in the Rocky Mountains and Great Basin ranges from Idaho and Wyoming south through Utah, Colorado, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico and west Texas into Mexico; most winter in Mexico, with resident populations further south.", "foods_source_text": "Flower nectar, sugar water, small insects and spiders", "feeder_source_text": "Small saucer or basin nectar feeder with red parts and no yellow", "at_feeders_note": "Roughly April to September in the mountain West, earliest at low elevation", "url": "/birds/broad-tailed-hummingbird/" }, { "slug": "brown-creeper", "common_name": "Brown Creeper", "scientific_name": "Certhia americana", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 14.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 17.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 20.0, "mass_g_min": 5.0, "mass_g_max": 10.0, "mass_g_mid": 7.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "peanuts", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Alaska and Canada south through the western mountains and the eastern US; year-round in much of that range, with a winter push into the southern states", "foods_source_text": "Bark insects and spiders; suet, peanut butter blends and soft fat spreads at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Suet cage against or near a trunk, or fat pressed directly into rough bark", "at_feeders_note": "Uncommon, mostly October through April, usually one bird at a time", "url": "/birds/brown-creeper/" }, { "slug": "brown-headed-cowbird", "common_name": "Brown-headed Cowbird", "scientific_name": "Molothrus ater", "length_cm_min": 19.0, "length_cm_max": 22.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 32.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 38.0, "mass_g_min": 42.0, "mass_g_max": 50.0, "mass_g_mid": 46.0, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "hopper", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Across the lower 48 states and much of southern Canada. Migratory in the North.", "foods_source_text": "Cracked corn, white millet, sunflower hearts, cheap mixed seed", "feeder_source_text": "Ground, open platform, wide hopper ledge", "at_feeders_note": "Spring and summer in most of the range; winter flocks in the South", "url": "/birds/brown-headed-cowbird/" }, { "slug": "brown-thrasher", "common_name": "Brown Thrasher", "scientific_name": "Toxostoma rufum", "length_cm_min": 23.0, "length_cm_max": 30.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 29.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 32.0, "mass_g_min": 61.0, "mass_g_max": 89.0, "mass_g_mid": 75.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "acorns_nuts", "cracked_corn", "fruit", "insects", "mealworms", "peanuts", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "East of the Rocky Mountains; breeds north into southern Canada, winters mainly in the southeastern US", "foods_source_text": "Ground insects and leaf-litter invertebrates, fruit and acorns; cracked corn, sunflower hearts, peanut pieces and mealworms at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Ground feeder or a low open tray near cover", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round in the Southeast, roughly April to October farther north", "url": "/birds/brown-thrasher/" }, { "slug": "bushtit", "common_name": "Bushtit", "scientific_name": "Psaltriparus minimus", "length_cm_min": 7.0, "length_cm_max": 8.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 15.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 15.0, "mass_g_min": 5.0, "mass_g_max": 6.0, "mass_g_mid": 5.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Southwest British Columbia to Guatemala, west of the Great Plains. Resident.", "foods_source_text": "Aphids, scale insects, spiders; suet at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Suet cage, suet plug or log, fine mesh feeder", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, in sudden flocks that stay a few minutes", "url": "/birds/bushtit/" }, { "slug": "california-scrub-jay", "common_name": "California Scrub-Jay", "scientific_name": "Aphelocoma californica", "length_cm_min": 28.0, "length_cm_max": 30.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 39.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 39.0, "mass_g_min": 70.0, "mass_g_max": 100.0, "mass_g_mid": 85.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "acorns_nuts", "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "peanut_feeder", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Pacific slope from southwest Washington to Baja California. Resident.", "foods_source_text": "Peanuts in the shell, acorns, black oil sunflower, suet", "feeder_source_text": "Open platform or tray, peanut feeder, ground", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, in short bold visits, busiest in fall", "url": "/birds/california-scrub-jay/" }, { "slug": "canada-jay", "common_name": "Canada Jay", "scientific_name": "Perisoreus canadensis", "length_cm_min": 25.0, "length_cm_max": 29.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 46.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 46.0, "mass_g_min": 58.0, "mass_g_max": 84.0, "mass_g_mid": 71.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "acorns_nuts", "fruit", "insects", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Boreal spruce and fir forest across Alaska and Canada, south in the Rockies to Arizona and New Mexico, and into the northern Cascades, Adirondacks and northern New England. Resident, non-migratory", "foods_source_text": "Suet, unsalted nuts, insects, fungi, berries, carrion", "feeder_source_text": "A simple open platform or a suet cage at a cabin or camp within spruce forest", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round where the habitat is right, boldest in winter and around people", "url": "/birds/canada-jay/" }, { "slug": "carolina-chickadee", "common_name": "Carolina Chickadee", "scientific_name": "Poecile carolinensis", "length_cm_min": 10.0, "length_cm_max": 12.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 15.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 20.0, "mass_g_min": 8.0, "mass_g_max": 12.0, "mass_g_mid": 10.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "peanut_feeder", "suet_cage", "tube" ], "range_note": "Southeastern US, New Jersey and southern Pennsylvania south to Florida, west to central Texas and eastern Kansas. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, peanut pieces, suet", "feeder_source_text": "Small tube feeder, suet cage, peanut feeder, window feeder", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, all day, one seed per trip", "url": "/birds/carolina-chickadee/" }, { "slug": "carolina-wren", "common_name": "Carolina Wren", "scientific_name": "Thryothorus ludovicianus", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 14.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 28.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 30.0, "mass_g_min": 18.0, "mass_g_max": 22.0, "mass_g_mid": 20.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "mealworms", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "dish", "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Eastern US, north to southern New England and the Great Lakes, west to central Texas. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Suet, mealworms, peanut pieces, sunflower hearts", "feeder_source_text": "Suet cage, mealworm dish, sheltered platform", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, usually singly or as a pair", "url": "/birds/carolina-wren/" }, { "slug": "cedar-waxwing", "common_name": "Cedar Waxwing", "scientific_name": "Bombycilla cedrorum", "length_cm_min": 14.0, "length_cm_max": 17.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 22.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 30.0, "mass_g_min": 32.0, "mass_g_max": 32.0, "mass_g_mid": 32.0, "residency": "mixed", "uses_feeders": false, "foods": [ "fruit", "insects" ], "feeder_types": [], "range_note": "Breeds across southern Canada and the northern US. Winters through most of the US into Mexico and Central America.", "foods_source_text": "Berries and small fruit, plus flying insects in summer", "feeder_source_text": "None. A fruit tray occasionally works; berry shrubs and water do not", "at_feeders_note": "Rarely. Expect them at fruiting plants and bird baths instead", "url": "/birds/cedar-waxwing/" }, { "slug": "chestnut-backed-chickadee", "common_name": "Chestnut-backed Chickadee", "scientific_name": "Poecile rufescens", "length_cm_min": 10.0, "length_cm_max": 12.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 19.0, "mass_g_min": 8.5, "mass_g_max": 12.6, "mass_g_mid": 10.6, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "suet_cage", "tube" ], "range_note": "Pacific coast from south-coastal Alaska to central and southern California, plus northern Idaho and western Montana. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Sunflower hearts, black oil sunflower, suet, peanut pieces", "feeder_source_text": "Tube feeder with sunflower, plus a suet cage", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, most visibly from fall through spring", "url": "/birds/chestnut-backed-chickadee/" }, { "slug": "chipping-sparrow", "common_name": "Chipping Sparrow", "scientific_name": "Spizella passerina", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 15.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 21.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 21.0, "mass_g_min": 11.0, "mass_g_max": 16.0, "mass_g_mid": 13.5, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds across most of North America. Winters in the southern US and Mexico.", "foods_source_text": "White millet, grass and weed seed, sunflower hearts, cracked corn", "feeder_source_text": "Ground tray or low platform. Feeds mostly on open lawn.", "at_feeders_note": "Spring through fall in the North, in winter flocks in the South", "url": "/birds/chipping-sparrow/" }, { "slug": "clarks-nutcracker", "common_name": "Clark's Nutcracker", "scientific_name": "Nucifraga columbiana", "length_cm_min": 27.0, "length_cm_max": 30.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 61.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 61.0, "mass_g_min": 106.0, "mass_g_max": 161.0, "mass_g_mid": 133.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "peanuts", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Mountains of the western United States and southwestern Canada, from British Columbia and Alberta south through the Rockies, Cascades and Sierra Nevada to Arizona and New Mexico", "foods_source_text": "Pine seeds, especially whitebark, limber and pinyon pine, plus insects, peanuts and suet where offered", "feeder_source_text": "An open platform or a suet cage at a high-elevation cabin, lodge or campground", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round at high elevation, more numerous some years than others depending on the cone crop", "url": "/birds/clarks-nutcracker/" }, { "slug": "common-grackle", "common_name": "Common Grackle", "scientific_name": "Quiscalus quiscula", "length_cm_min": 28.0, "length_cm_max": 34.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 36.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 46.0, "mass_g_min": 74.0, "mass_g_max": 142.0, "mass_g_mid": 108.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "hopper", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "East of the Rockies, Gulf Coast to central Canada. Year-round in the South, migratory in the North.", "foods_source_text": "Cracked corn, sunflower hearts, mixed seed, suet, bread", "feeder_source_text": "Open platform, large hopper, the ground under everything else", "at_feeders_note": "Flocks in spring and fall; scattered birds through summer", "url": "/birds/common-grackle/" }, { "slug": "common-redpoll", "common_name": "Common Redpoll", "scientific_name": "Acanthis flammea", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 14.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 22.0, "mass_g_min": 11.0, "mass_g_max": 20.0, "mass_g_mid": 15.5, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "nyjer", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray", "tube" ], "range_note": "Breeds in arctic and boreal Alaska and Canada. Winters south into the northern United States in irruption years.", "foods_source_text": "Nyjer, sunflower hearts and chips, small seeds", "feeder_source_text": "Tube or mesh nyjer feeder, plus a tray or ground area", "at_feeders_note": "December to March, in irruption years", "url": "/birds/common-redpoll/" }, { "slug": "coopers-hawk", "common_name": "Cooper's Hawk", "scientific_name": "Astur cooperii, long known as Accipiter cooperii", "length_cm_min": 37.0, "length_cm_max": 45.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 62.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 90.0, "mass_g_min": 220.0, "mass_g_max": 680.0, "mass_g_mid": 450.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": false, "foods": [], "feeder_types": [], "range_note": "Southern Canada through the United States into Mexico. Resident in much of the US, with northern birds moving south in winter", "foods_source_text": "Medium-sized birds such as doves, starlings, robins and jays, plus chipmunks and squirrels", "feeder_source_text": "None. This bird is not fed. It arrives because your feeders concentrate its prey", "at_feeders_note": "Any season, most often in winter, appearing in fast low passes with long gaps between visits", "url": "/birds/coopers-hawk/" }, { "slug": "costas-hummingbird", "common_name": "Costa's Hummingbird", "scientific_name": "Calypte costae", "length_cm_min": 7.6, "length_cm_max": 8.9, "wingspan_cm_min": 11.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 11.0, "mass_g_min": 3.0, "mass_g_max": 3.0, "mass_g_mid": 3.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "nectar" ], "feeder_types": [ "nectar_feeder" ], "range_note": "Sonoran and Mojave deserts and adjacent scrub: southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, western and southern Arizona, Baja California and northwestern Mexico. Year-round in parts of the range, with many birds moving to coastal California and mainland Mexico after breeding.", "foods_source_text": "Flower nectar, sugar water, small insects and spiders", "feeder_source_text": "Small saucer or basin nectar feeder with red parts and no yellow", "at_feeders_note": "Peaks January to May in the low desert, with fewer birds in midsummer", "url": "/birds/costas-hummingbird/" }, { "slug": "dark-eyed-junco", "common_name": "Dark-eyed Junco", "scientific_name": "Junco hyemalis", "length_cm_min": 14.0, "length_cm_max": 16.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 18.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 25.0, "mass_g_min": 18.0, "mass_g_max": 30.0, "mass_g_mid": 24.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds in Canada, Alaska, the western mountains and the Appalachians. Winters across nearly all of the lower 48.", "foods_source_text": "White proso millet, cracked corn, sunflower hearts, black oil sunflower", "feeder_source_text": "Ground tray or low platform under a hanging feeder", "at_feeders_note": "October to April in most of the US; year-round at higher elevations and in the North", "url": "/birds/dark-eyed-junco/" }, { "slug": "downy-woodpecker", "common_name": "Downy Woodpecker", "scientific_name": "Dryobates pubescens", "length_cm_min": 14.0, "length_cm_max": 17.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 25.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 30.0, "mass_g_min": 21.0, "mass_g_max": 28.0, "mass_g_mid": 24.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "peanut_feeder", "suet_cage", "tube" ], "range_note": "Most of the US and Canada south of the tundra, absent from the driest Southwest. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Suet, black oil sunflower, peanuts, sunflower hearts", "feeder_source_text": "Suet cage, peanut feeder, tube or hopper", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, several visits a day, heaviest in winter", "url": "/birds/downy-woodpecker/" }, { "slug": "eastern-bluebird", "common_name": "Eastern Bluebird", "scientific_name": "Sialia sialis", "length_cm_min": 16.0, "length_cm_max": 21.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 25.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 32.0, "mass_g_min": 28.0, "mass_g_max": 32.0, "mass_g_mid": 30.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "fruit", "insects", "mealworms" ], "feeder_types": [ "dish" ], "range_note": "East of the Rockies, southern Canada to the Gulf and into Mexico. Resident in the South, migratory in the North.", "foods_source_text": "Mealworms, insects, small fruit and berries", "feeder_source_text": "Enclosed or open mealworm dish on a pole", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round in the South, in flocks during winter cold snaps", "url": "/birds/eastern-bluebird/" }, { "slug": "eastern-towhee", "common_name": "Eastern Towhee", "scientific_name": "Pipilo erythrophthalmus", "length_cm_min": 17.0, "length_cm_max": 21.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 20.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 28.0, "mass_g_min": 32.0, "mass_g_max": 53.0, "mass_g_mid": 42.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Eastern US west to the Great Plains, north to the Great Lakes and southern New England. Withdraws from the north in winter.", "foods_source_text": "White proso millet, black oil sunflower, cracked corn, sunflower hearts", "feeder_source_text": "Ground feeder or low tray set under or beside shrubs", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round in the Southeast, mostly spring and fall farther north", "url": "/birds/eastern-towhee/" }, { "slug": "eurasian-collared-dove", "common_name": "Eurasian Collared-Dove", "scientific_name": "Streptopelia decaocto", "length_cm_min": 29.0, "length_cm_max": 30.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 35.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 35.0, "mass_g_min": 140.0, "mass_g_max": 180.0, "mass_g_mid": 160.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Introduced; now widespread across the United States, southern Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean, thinnest in the Northeast", "foods_source_text": "Grain and seed: cracked corn, milo, millet, wheat, sunflower", "feeder_source_text": "Ground feeder or a large open platform", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, often in small groups, and often for long visits", "url": "/birds/eurasian-collared-dove/" }, { "slug": "european-starling", "common_name": "European Starling", "scientific_name": "Sturnus vulgaris", "length_cm_min": 20.0, "length_cm_max": 23.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 31.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 40.0, "mass_g_min": 60.0, "mass_g_max": 96.0, "mass_g_mid": 78.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "mealworms", "peanuts", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Across the US and southern Canada into Alaska and Mexico. Year-round in most areas.", "foods_source_text": "Suet, peanuts, mealworms, cracked corn, soft kitchen scraps", "feeder_source_text": "Open platform or tray; any suet cage they can perch on", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, in flocks, heaviest from fall through late winter", "url": "/birds/european-starling/" }, { "slug": "evening-grosbeak", "common_name": "Evening Grosbeak", "scientific_name": "Coccothraustes vespertinus", "length_cm_min": 16.0, "length_cm_max": 22.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 30.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 36.0, "mass_g_min": 53.0, "mass_g_max": 74.0, "mass_g_mid": 63.5, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "striped_sunflower", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Boreal Canada, northern New England and Great Lakes, western mountains south to Mexico. Irruptive in winter.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, striped sunflower, sunflower hearts", "feeder_source_text": "Large platform or tray, or a high-capacity hopper", "at_feeders_note": "Late fall through early spring, in irruption years only", "url": "/birds/evening-grosbeak/" }, { "slug": "fox-sparrow", "common_name": "Fox Sparrow", "scientific_name": "Passerella iliaca", "length_cm_min": 15.0, "length_cm_max": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 26.7, "wingspan_cm_max": 29.0, "mass_g_min": 26.0, "mass_g_max": 44.0, "mass_g_mid": 35.0, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "insects", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds across boreal Alaska and Canada and in the western mountains; winters in the eastern and southeastern US and along the Pacific coast", "foods_source_text": "Seeds and leaf-litter invertebrates; white millet, sunflower hearts and cracked corn at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Ground feeder or low tray beside dense cover", "at_feeders_note": "Mainly October to April, with sharp peaks during migration", "url": "/birds/fox-sparrow/" }, { "slug": "golden-crowned-sparrow", "common_name": "Golden-crowned Sparrow", "scientific_name": "Zonotrichia atricapilla", "length_cm_min": 15.0, "length_cm_max": 18.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 24.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 24.0, "mass_g_min": 30.0, "mass_g_max": 33.0, "mass_g_mid": 31.5, "residency": "migratory", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "fruit", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds in Alaska and western Canada; winters along the Pacific coast from British Columbia to Baja California and inland to parts of the Southwest", "foods_source_text": "Seeds, buds, flowers and fruit; white millet, sunflower hearts and black oil sunflower at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Ground feeder or low platform beside a hedge or brush pile", "at_feeders_note": "Roughly late September through April on the Pacific slope", "url": "/birds/golden-crowned-sparrow/" }, { "slug": "gray-catbird", "common_name": "Gray Catbird", "scientific_name": "Dumetella carolinensis", "length_cm_min": 21.0, "length_cm_max": 24.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 22.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 30.0, "mass_g_min": 23.0, "mass_g_max": 56.0, "mass_g_mid": 39.5, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "fruit", "insects", "mealworms", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "dish", "nectar_feeder", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds across the US east of the Rockies and southern Canada. Winters along the Gulf and southeast coasts, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.", "foods_source_text": "Fruit, grape jelly, mealworms, suet dough, insects", "feeder_source_text": "Jelly or oriole feeder, open tray with fruit, mealworm dish", "at_feeders_note": "April to October, only where dense shrub cover is close by", "url": "/birds/gray-catbird/" }, { "slug": "hairy-woodpecker", "common_name": "Hairy Woodpecker", "scientific_name": "Dryobates villosus", "length_cm_min": 18.0, "length_cm_max": 26.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 33.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 41.0, "mass_g_min": 40.0, "mass_g_max": 95.0, "mass_g_mid": 67.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "peanut_feeder", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Forested North America from Alaska and Canada south through the US into Mexico. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Suet, black oil sunflower, peanuts, sunflower hearts", "feeder_source_text": "Suet cage with a tail prop, peanut feeder, hopper", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, most reliably in winter, brief and wary visits", "url": "/birds/hairy-woodpecker/" }, { "slug": "harriss-sparrow", "common_name": "Harris's Sparrow", "scientific_name": "Zonotrichia querula", "length_cm_min": 17.0, "length_cm_max": 20.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 27.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 27.0, "mass_g_min": 26.0, "mass_g_max": 49.0, "mass_g_mid": 37.5, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "cracked_corn", "fruit", "insects", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds only in northern Canada; winters in the south-central Great Plains from Nebraska and Iowa south to central Texas", "foods_source_text": "Seeds, fruit and insects; black oil sunflower, white millet and cracked corn at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Ground feeder or low platform next to a brush pile", "at_feeders_note": "Roughly late October through April within the wintering range", "url": "/birds/harriss-sparrow/" }, { "slug": "house-finch", "common_name": "House Finch", "scientific_name": "Haemorhous mexicanus", "length_cm_min": 13.0, "length_cm_max": 14.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 20.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 25.0, "mass_g_min": 16.0, "mass_g_max": 27.0, "mass_g_mid": 21.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "nyjer", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "platform_tray", "tube" ], "range_note": "Continent-wide. Native to the West, introduced in the East in the 1940s.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, nyjer", "feeder_source_text": "Tube feeder, hopper, platform", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, in flocks, all day long", "url": "/birds/house-finch/" }, { "slug": "house-sparrow", "common_name": "House Sparrow", "scientific_name": "Passer domesticus", "length_cm_min": 15.0, "length_cm_max": 17.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 25.0, "mass_g_min": 27.0, "mass_g_max": 30.0, "mass_g_mid": 28.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "hopper", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "All 50 states and southern Canada, closely tied to towns and farms. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "White millet, cracked corn, bread, sunflower hearts", "feeder_source_text": "Hopper, platform, ground surfaces, anything with room to stand", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, in noisy flocks, all day long", "url": "/birds/house-sparrow/" }, { "slug": "house-wren", "common_name": "House Wren", "scientific_name": "Troglodytes aedon", "length_cm_min": 11.0, "length_cm_max": 13.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 15.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 16.0, "mass_g_min": 10.0, "mass_g_max": 12.0, "mass_g_mid": 11.0, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": false, "foods": [ "insects" ], "feeder_types": [], "range_note": "Breeds across most of the US and southern Canada; winters in the southern US and Mexico.", "foods_source_text": "Insects and spiders. Takes no seed.", "feeder_source_text": "None. Offer a nest box and insect-rich planting instead.", "at_feeders_note": "Rarely, and only for mealworms or suet crumbs", "url": "/birds/house-wren/" }, { "slug": "indigo-bunting", "common_name": "Indigo Bunting", "scientific_name": "Passerina cyanea", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 13.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 22.0, "mass_g_min": 12.0, "mass_g_max": 18.0, "mass_g_mid": 15.0, "residency": "migratory", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "nyjer", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "platform_tray", "tube" ], "range_note": "Breeds across the eastern and central US and southern Canada. Winters Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean.", "foods_source_text": "Nyjer, white proso millet, sunflower hearts, small live insects", "feeder_source_text": "Nyjer or small-port tube feeder, or a low tray near cover", "at_feeders_note": "Late April to September, heaviest in the first two weeks after arrival", "url": "/birds/indigo-bunting/" }, { "slug": "lesser-goldfinch", "common_name": "Lesser Goldfinch", "scientific_name": "Spinus psaltria", "length_cm_min": 9.0, "length_cm_max": 11.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 15.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 20.0, "mass_g_min": 8.0, "mass_g_max": 11.5, "mass_g_mid": 9.8, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "nyjer", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "nyjer_finch", "tube" ], "range_note": "Pacific states, Great Basin, Southwest and Texas, south to South America.", "foods_source_text": "Nyjer, sunflower chips, weed and thistle seed", "feeder_source_text": "Nyjer tube, mesh finch feeder, small-port sunflower chip tube", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round across most of its US range, in flocks of 5 to 50", "url": "/birds/lesser-goldfinch/" }, { "slug": "mountain-chickadee", "common_name": "Mountain Chickadee", "scientific_name": "Poecile gambeli", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 14.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 19.0, "mass_g_min": 11.0, "mass_g_max": 11.0, "mass_g_mid": 11.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "suet_cage", "tube" ], "range_note": "Mountains of the West, British Columbia to Baja California and New Mexico.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, suet, peanut pieces", "feeder_source_text": "Tube feeder, small hopper, suet cage", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round in the mountains, lower elevations mainly in winter", "url": "/birds/mountain-chickadee/" }, { "slug": "mourning-dove", "common_name": "Mourning Dove", "scientific_name": "Zenaida macroura", "length_cm_min": 23.0, "length_cm_max": 34.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 45.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 45.0, "mass_g_min": 96.0, "mass_g_max": 170.0, "mass_g_mid": 133.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "cracked_corn", "safflower", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Across the lower 48 states, southern Canada and Mexico. Year-round in most areas; northern birds move south.", "foods_source_text": "White proso millet, cracked corn, black oil sunflower, safflower, canary seed", "feeder_source_text": "Ground tray or low open platform", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, heaviest early morning and late afternoon", "url": "/birds/mourning-dove/" }, { "slug": "northern-cardinal", "common_name": "Northern Cardinal", "scientific_name": "Cardinalis cardinalis", "length_cm_min": 21.0, "length_cm_max": 23.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 25.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 31.0, "mass_g_min": 42.0, "mass_g_max": 48.0, "mass_g_mid": 45.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "cracked_corn", "safflower" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Eastern and central US, Southwest, into Mexico. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, safflower, cracked corn", "feeder_source_text": "Platform, large hopper, anything with a wide perch", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, heaviest at dawn and dusk", "url": "/birds/northern-cardinal/" }, { "slug": "northern-flicker", "common_name": "Northern Flicker", "scientific_name": "Colaptes auratus", "length_cm_min": 28.0, "length_cm_max": 31.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 42.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 51.0, "mass_g_min": 110.0, "mass_g_max": 160.0, "mass_g_mid": 135.0, "residency": "migratory", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "insects", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Most of North America. Yellow-shafted in the East and far north, red-shafted in the West. Northern birds migrate.", "foods_source_text": "Ants and beetle larvae; suet, peanuts, sunflower hearts and cracked corn at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Tail-prop suet cage, ground or platform feeder", "at_feeders_note": "Mostly fall through early spring, heaviest in cold or snow", "url": "/birds/northern-flicker/" }, { "slug": "northern-mockingbird", "common_name": "Northern Mockingbird", "scientific_name": "Mimus polyglottos", "length_cm_min": 21.0, "length_cm_max": 26.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 31.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 35.0, "mass_g_min": 45.0, "mass_g_max": 58.0, "mass_g_mid": 51.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "fruit", "insects", "mealworms", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "dish", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Most of the lower 48 states year-round, plus Mexico and the Caribbean; scarcer and more seasonal near the Canadian border", "foods_source_text": "Insects in summer, fruit in fall and winter; mealworms, raisins, apple, suet at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Open platform or tray, plus a fruit spike or mealworm dish", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round where resident, heaviest in winter when fruit runs out", "url": "/birds/northern-mockingbird/" }, { "slug": "oak-titmouse", "common_name": "Oak Titmouse", "scientific_name": "Baeolophus inornatus", "length_cm_min": 13.0, "length_cm_max": 13.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 23.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 23.0, "mass_g_min": 16.0, "mass_g_max": 16.0, "mass_g_mid": 16.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "suet_cage", "tube" ], "range_note": "Oak and oak-pine woodland from southwestern Oregon through California to northern Baja California. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, peanut pieces, suet", "feeder_source_text": "Tube or hopper with sunflower, plus a suet cage", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round", "url": "/birds/oak-titmouse/" }, { "slug": "orchard-oriole", "common_name": "Orchard Oriole", "scientific_name": "Icterus spurius", "length_cm_min": 15.0, "length_cm_max": 18.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 25.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 25.0, "mass_g_min": 16.0, "mass_g_max": 28.0, "mass_g_mid": 22.0, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "fruit", "insects", "nectar" ], "feeder_types": [ "dish", "nectar_feeder" ], "range_note": "Eastern and central United States into southern Canada and northern Mexico. Breeding season only; winters from Mexico to northern South America.", "foods_source_text": "Insects, flower nectar, ripe fruit, small amounts of jelly", "feeder_source_text": "Oriole nectar feeder or a fruit dish with orange halves", "at_feeders_note": "Late April through July, briefly", "url": "/birds/orchard-oriole/" }, { "slug": "painted-bunting", "common_name": "Painted Bunting", "scientific_name": "Passerina ciris", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 13.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 21.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 23.0, "mass_g_min": 13.0, "mass_g_max": 19.0, "mass_g_mid": 16.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "tube" ], "range_note": "Two populations: south-central US from Texas to Louisiana and Kansas, and the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to north Florida.", "foods_source_text": "White proso millet, sunflower hearts, small seeds, insects", "feeder_source_text": "Caged or protected tube feeder near dense cover", "at_feeders_note": "April to September in the breeding range, year-round in south Florida", "url": "/birds/painted-bunting/" }, { "slug": "pileated-woodpecker", "common_name": "Pileated Woodpecker", "scientific_name": "Dryocopus pileatus", "length_cm_min": 40.0, "length_cm_max": 49.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 66.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 75.0, "mass_g_min": 250.0, "mass_g_max": 350.0, "mass_g_mid": 300.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "peanuts", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Forested eastern US and Canada, northern Rockies, Pacific Northwest and northern California. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Carpenter ants and beetle larvae; suet and peanuts at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Large tail-prop suet cage or suet log on a pole or trunk", "at_feeders_note": "Irregular, mostly winter, only where mature forest is nearby", "url": "/birds/pileated-woodpecker/" }, { "slug": "pine-grosbeak", "common_name": "Pine Grosbeak", "scientific_name": "Pinicola enucleator", "length_cm_min": 20.0, "length_cm_max": 25.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 33.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 33.0, "mass_g_min": 56.0, "mass_g_max": 78.0, "mass_g_mid": 67.0, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "fruit", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Boreal Alaska and Canada, western mountains south to the Sierra Nevada and northern New Mexico. Irregular winter visitor to the northern United States.", "foods_source_text": "Mountain ash and crabapple fruit, black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts", "feeder_source_text": "Large platform or tray", "at_feeders_note": "November to March, in irruption years only", "url": "/birds/pine-grosbeak/" }, { "slug": "pine-siskin", "common_name": "Pine Siskin", "scientific_name": "Spinus pinus", "length_cm_min": 11.0, "length_cm_max": 14.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 18.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 22.0, "mass_g_min": 12.0, "mass_g_max": 18.0, "mass_g_mid": 15.0, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "nyjer", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "nyjer_finch", "tube" ], "range_note": "Breeds in northern and western conifer forest. Irrupts south across the US in winter.", "foods_source_text": "Nyjer, sunflower hearts, black oil sunflower, conifer and alder seed", "feeder_source_text": "Nyjer tube, mesh finch feeder, small-port sunflower tube", "at_feeders_note": "Late fall to spring, in irruption years only", "url": "/birds/pine-siskin/" }, { "slug": "purple-finch", "common_name": "Purple Finch", "scientific_name": "Haemorhous purpureus", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 16.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 22.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 26.0, "mass_g_min": 18.0, "mass_g_max": 32.0, "mass_g_mid": 25.0, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "nyjer", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "platform_tray", "tube" ], "range_note": "Breeds Canada, Northeast, Upper Midwest, Pacific coast. Winters south, irregularly.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, nyjer", "feeder_source_text": "Tube with sturdy perches, hopper, platform", "at_feeders_note": "Mostly November to April, in irruption years", "url": "/birds/purple-finch/" }, { "slug": "pygmy-nuthatch", "common_name": "Pygmy Nuthatch", "scientific_name": "Sitta pygmaea", "length_cm_min": 9.0, "length_cm_max": 11.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 20.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 20.0, "mass_g_min": 9.4, "mass_g_max": 11.0, "mass_g_mid": 10.2, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "suet_cage", "tube" ], "range_note": "Pine forests of the western United States, southern British Columbia and Mexico, plus coastal California pines. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Sunflower hearts, black oil sunflower, suet, peanut pieces", "feeder_source_text": "Tube or hopper near pines, plus a suet cage", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, usually in small flocks", "url": "/birds/pygmy-nuthatch/" }, { "slug": "red-bellied-woodpecker", "common_name": "Red-bellied Woodpecker", "scientific_name": "Melanerpes carolinus", "length_cm_min": 24.0, "length_cm_max": 24.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 33.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 42.0, "mass_g_min": 56.0, "mass_g_max": 91.0, "mass_g_mid": 73.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "peanut_feeder", "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Eastern US west to the Great Plains, north into the Great Lakes and New England. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Suet, peanuts, black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts", "feeder_source_text": "Tail-prop suet cage, peanut feeder, sturdy hopper or platform", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, in short repeated visits through the day", "url": "/birds/red-bellied-woodpecker/" }, { "slug": "red-breasted-nuthatch", "common_name": "Red-breasted Nuthatch", "scientific_name": "Sitta canadensis", "length_cm_min": 11.0, "length_cm_max": 12.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 18.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 20.0, "mass_g_min": 8.0, "mass_g_max": 13.0, "mass_g_mid": 10.5, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "peanut_feeder", "suet_cage", "tube" ], "range_note": "Conifer forest across Alaska, Canada, the West, the Northeast and the Appalachians. Moves far south in irruption winters.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, suet, peanut pieces", "feeder_source_text": "Small tube feeder, suet cage, peanut feeder", "at_feeders_note": "Fall through spring, in bursts of a few seconds", "url": "/birds/red-breasted-nuthatch/" }, { "slug": "red-headed-woodpecker", "common_name": "Red-headed Woodpecker", "scientific_name": "Melanerpes erythrocephalus", "length_cm_min": 19.0, "length_cm_max": 23.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 42.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 42.0, "mass_g_min": 56.0, "mass_g_max": 91.0, "mass_g_mid": 73.5, "residency": "mixed", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "acorns_nuts", "cracked_corn", "insects", "peanuts", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Eastern and central US into the southern Prairie Provinces, patchy and local. Northern birds move south in some winters.", "foods_source_text": "Insects, acorns and beechnuts; suet, cracked corn, sunflower and peanuts at feeders", "feeder_source_text": "Suet cage or open platform near dead standing trees", "at_feeders_note": "Local and irregular, most likely fall through winter", "url": "/birds/red-headed-woodpecker/" }, { "slug": "red-winged-blackbird", "common_name": "Red-winged Blackbird", "scientific_name": "Agelaius phoeniceus", "length_cm_min": 17.0, "length_cm_max": 23.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 31.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 40.0, "mass_g_min": 32.0, "mass_g_max": 77.0, "mass_g_mid": 54.5, "residency": "migratory", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "suet", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "hopper", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Nearly continent-wide wherever there are marshes and open fields. Migratory in the North.", "foods_source_text": "Cracked corn, white millet, sunflower hearts, suet", "feeder_source_text": "Ground, open platform, wide hopper ledge", "at_feeders_note": "Heaviest late winter into spring; flocks again in fall", "url": "/birds/red-winged-blackbird/" }, { "slug": "rose-breasted-grosbeak", "common_name": "Rose-breasted Grosbeak", "scientific_name": "Pheucticus ludovicianus", "length_cm_min": 18.0, "length_cm_max": 21.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 29.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 33.0, "mass_g_min": 39.0, "mass_g_max": 49.0, "mass_g_mid": 44.0, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "fruit", "safflower", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "platform_tray", "tube" ], "range_note": "Breeds in the Northeast, upper Midwest, Appalachians and across Canada. Winters from Mexico to northern South America.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, safflower, fruit", "feeder_source_text": "Hopper, platform, or a tube with a wide perch", "at_feeders_note": "Late April into May, and again in September and October", "url": "/birds/rose-breasted-grosbeak/" }, { "slug": "ruby-throated-hummingbird", "common_name": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "scientific_name": "Archilochus colubris", "length_cm_min": 7.0, "length_cm_max": 9.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 8.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 11.0, "mass_g_min": 3.0, "mass_g_max": 4.0, "mass_g_mid": 3.5, "residency": "migratory", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "nectar" ], "feeder_types": [ "nectar_feeder" ], "range_note": "Breeds east of the Great Plains from the Gulf into central Canada; winters in Mexico and Central America.", "foods_source_text": "Flower nectar, sugar water, small insects and spiders", "feeder_source_text": "Small saucer or basin feeder with red parts and no yellow", "at_feeders_note": "Roughly April to October in most of the East", "url": "/birds/ruby-throated-hummingbird/" }, { "slug": "rufous-hummingbird", "common_name": "Rufous Hummingbird", "scientific_name": "Selasphorus rufus", "length_cm_min": 7.0, "length_cm_max": 9.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 11.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 11.0, "mass_g_min": 3.0, "mass_g_max": 4.0, "mass_g_mid": 3.5, "residency": "migratory", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "insects", "nectar" ], "feeder_types": [ "nectar_feeder" ], "range_note": "Breeds from the Pacific Northwest and the northern Rockies to southeast Alaska; winters mainly in Mexico, with a small and growing number in the Gulf states.", "foods_source_text": "Flower nectar, sugar water, small insects, sap from sapsucker wells", "feeder_source_text": "Small saucer feeder; several spread out of sight of each other", "at_feeders_note": "Spring passage along the coast, mid to late summer through the mountains", "url": "/birds/rufous-hummingbird/" }, { "slug": "sharp-shinned-hawk", "common_name": "Sharp-shinned Hawk", "scientific_name": "Accipiter striatus", "length_cm_min": 24.0, "length_cm_max": 34.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 43.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 56.0, "mass_g_min": 87.0, "mass_g_max": 218.0, "mass_g_mid": 152.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": false, "foods": [], "feeder_types": [], "range_note": "Breeds across Alaska, Canada and forested parts of the United States, winters through the US into Central America. Resident in some western and southern areas", "foods_source_text": "Small songbirds: sparrows, juncos, finches, warblers, chickadees", "feeder_source_text": "None. It comes for the birds your feeders gather, not for anything you can put out", "at_feeders_note": "Mainly migration and winter, in sudden fast passes with long gaps between visits", "url": "/birds/sharp-shinned-hawk/" }, { "slug": "song-sparrow", "common_name": "Song Sparrow", "scientific_name": "Melospiza melodia", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 17.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 18.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 24.0, "mass_g_min": 12.0, "mass_g_max": 53.0, "mass_g_mid": 32.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Most of North America. Resident across much of the US, migratory in the far north.", "foods_source_text": "White millet, cracked corn, sunflower hearts, black oil sunflower", "feeder_source_text": "Ground tray or low platform. Rarely uses hanging tubes.", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, on the ground under the feeders, usually alone or in twos", "url": "/birds/song-sparrow/" }, { "slug": "spotted-towhee", "common_name": "Spotted Towhee", "scientific_name": "Pipilo maculatus", "length_cm_min": 17.0, "length_cm_max": 21.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 28.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 28.0, "mass_g_min": 33.0, "mass_g_max": 49.0, "mass_g_mid": 41.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Western North America from southern British Columbia to Mexico, east to the Great Plains. Resident on the Pacific slope, partly migratory inland.", "foods_source_text": "White proso millet, black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, cracked corn", "feeder_source_text": "Ground feeder or low tray beside dense shrubs", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round in the Pacific states, fall through spring in the interior", "url": "/birds/spotted-towhee/" }, { "slug": "stellers-jay", "common_name": "Steller's Jay", "scientific_name": "Cyanocitta stelleri", "length_cm_min": 30.0, "length_cm_max": 34.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 44.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 44.0, "mass_g_min": 100.0, "mass_g_max": 140.0, "mass_g_mid": 120.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "acorns_nuts", "peanuts", "suet" ], "feeder_types": [ "peanut_feeder", "platform_tray", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Alaska panhandle south through the West to Mexico, in conifer country.", "foods_source_text": "Peanuts in the shell, sunflower, suet, pine seeds, acorns", "feeder_source_text": "Large platform or tray, peanut feeder, sturdy suet cage", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, more birds at low elevation in winter", "url": "/birds/stellers-jay/" }, { "slug": "tufted-titmouse", "common_name": "Tufted Titmouse", "scientific_name": "Baeolophus bicolor", "length_cm_min": 14.0, "length_cm_max": 16.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 20.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 26.0, "mass_g_min": 18.0, "mass_g_max": 26.0, "mass_g_mid": 22.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "peanut_feeder", "platform_tray", "tube" ], "range_note": "Eastern US, Gulf Coast north to New England and southern Ontario, west to the eastern Great Plains. Year-round resident.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, peanuts, sunflower hearts, suet", "feeder_source_text": "Tube, hopper, platform, peanut feeder", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, all day, one seed per visit", "url": "/birds/tufted-titmouse/" }, { "slug": "western-tanager", "common_name": "Western Tanager", "scientific_name": "Piranga ludoviciana", "length_cm_min": 16.0, "length_cm_max": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 29.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 29.0, "mass_g_min": 24.0, "mass_g_max": 36.0, "mass_g_mid": 30.0, "residency": "migratory", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "fruit", "insects", "mealworms" ], "feeder_types": [ "dish", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds in open conifer and mixed forest from southeast Alaska and the Northwest Territories south through the western United States to west Texas and northern Mexico; winters from Mexico to Costa Rica.", "foods_source_text": "Insects and fruit. At feeders: orange halves, grape jelly, mealworms, dried fruit.", "feeder_source_text": "An oriole-style fruit and jelly feeder or an open platform, plus a shallow bird bath", "at_feeders_note": "Mostly during spring and fall migration, in brief visits", "url": "/birds/western-tanager/" }, { "slug": "white-breasted-nuthatch", "common_name": "White-breasted Nuthatch", "scientific_name": "Sitta carolinensis", "length_cm_min": 13.0, "length_cm_max": 14.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 20.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 27.0, "mass_g_min": 18.0, "mass_g_max": 30.0, "mass_g_mid": 24.0, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "hopper", "peanut_feeder", "suet_cage", "tube" ], "range_note": "Southern Canada through most of the lower 48 into Mexico, wherever mature trees grow. Year-round resident, non-migratory.", "foods_source_text": "Black oil sunflower, peanuts, suet, sunflower hearts", "feeder_source_text": "Suet cage, peanut feeder, tube or hopper with sunflower", "at_feeders_note": "Year-round, short visits, one item carried off each time", "url": "/birds/white-breasted-nuthatch/" }, { "slug": "white-crowned-sparrow", "common_name": "White-crowned Sparrow", "scientific_name": "Zonotrichia leucophrys", "length_cm_min": 15.0, "length_cm_max": 16.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 21.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 24.0, "mass_g_min": 25.0, "mass_g_max": 28.0, "mass_g_mid": 26.5, "residency": "resident", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds Alaska, Canada and western mountains; winters across the southern US.", "foods_source_text": "White proso millet, sunflower chips, cracked corn, weed seed", "feeder_source_text": "Ground feeder, low platform, seed scattered under shrubs", "at_feeders_note": "October to April in most of the US; year-round on the California coast", "url": "/birds/white-crowned-sparrow/" }, { "slug": "white-throated-sparrow", "common_name": "White-throated Sparrow", "scientific_name": "Zonotrichia albicollis", "length_cm_min": 16.0, "length_cm_max": 18.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 20.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 23.0, "mass_g_min": 22.0, "mass_g_max": 32.0, "mass_g_mid": 27.0, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "black_oil_sunflower", "cracked_corn", "sunflower_hearts", "white_millet" ], "feeder_types": [ "ground", "platform_tray" ], "range_note": "Breeds across Canada and the northern US. Winters in the eastern and southern US.", "foods_source_text": "White millet, black oil sunflower, sunflower hearts, cracked corn", "feeder_source_text": "Ground tray or low platform, close to cover", "at_feeders_note": "October through April in most of the East, in flocks on the ground", "url": "/birds/white-throated-sparrow/" }, { "slug": "wild-turkey", "common_name": "Wild Turkey", "scientific_name": "Meleagris gallopavo", "length_cm_min": 110.0, "length_cm_max": 115.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 125.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 144.0, "mass_g_min": null, "mass_g_max": null, "mass_g_mid": null, "residency": "mixed", "uses_feeders": false, "foods": [ "acorns_nuts", "insects" ], "feeder_types": [], "range_note": "Every US state except Alaska, plus parts of southern Canada and Mexico, including many areas where the species was introduced rather than native", "foods_source_text": "Acorns and other nuts, seeds, grain, green shoots, insects, and spilled birdseed", "feeder_source_text": "None. The honest recommendation is not to feed them at all", "at_feeders_note": "On the ground beneath feeders, mostly in fall and winter flocks", "url": "/birds/wild-turkey/" }, { "slug": "yellow-rumped-warbler", "common_name": "Yellow-rumped Warbler", "scientific_name": "Setophaga coronata", "length_cm_min": 12.0, "length_cm_max": 14.0, "wingspan_cm_min": 19.0, "wingspan_cm_max": 23.0, "mass_g_min": 12.0, "mass_g_max": 13.0, "mass_g_mid": 12.5, "residency": "winter_visitor", "uses_feeders": true, "foods": [ "fruit", "insects", "mealworms", "peanuts", "suet", "sunflower_hearts" ], "feeder_types": [ "dish", "suet_cage" ], "range_note": "Breeds in conifer and mixed forest across Alaska, Canada, New England, the Appalachians and the western mountains; winters across the southern United States, the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, the Southwest, Mexico and Central America.", "foods_source_text": "Insects in summer; waxy fruit in winter. At feeders: suet, peanut butter, mealworms, sunflower hearts.", "feeder_source_text": "A suet cage, plus a shallow dish of mealworms in cold weather", "at_feeders_note": "Mostly October to April in the winter range", "url": "/birds/yellow-rumped-warbler/" } ]